Malignant melanoma - Melanoma Ganas
☆ Dina hasil Stiftung Warentest 2022 ti Jerman, kapuasan konsumen sareng ModelDerm ngan ukur langkung handap tibatan konsultasi telemedicine anu mayar.
Melanoma kira-kira 2,5cm (1 inci) ku 1,5cm (0,6 inci)
Sanajan kasus ieu didiagnosis salaku melanoma, Pananjung visual leuwih sarupa jeung hematoma kuku. hematomas kuku (benign) ilaharna ngaleungit dina hiji nepi ka dua bulan sabab kadorong kaluar. Ku alatan éta, lamun lesion nu persists pikeun lila, melanoma bisa jadi disangka tur biopsy kudu dipigawé.
References
Melanoma mangrupikeun jinis tumor anu kabentuk nalika melanosit janten ganas. Melanocytes asalna tina crest neural. Ieu ngandung harti yén melanomas bisa ngamekarkeun teu ukur dina kulit tapi ogé di tempat séjén dimana sél crest neural ngarambat, kawas saluran cerna jeung uteuk. Penderita melanoma tahap 0 gaduh tingkat kasalametan lima taun 97%, sedengkeun anu ngagaduhan panyakit tahap IV ngan ukur sakitar 10%.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) mangrupikeun jinis tumor kulit anu bahaya pisan, tanggung jawab 90% tina maotna kanker kulit. Pikeun ngajawab ieu, para ahli ti the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) , the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) , and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) parantos gawé bareng.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Melanoma, jinis kanker kulit, nangtung pikeun hubungan anu caket sareng sistem imun. Ieu dibuktikeun tina ngaronjatna kajadian dina jalma kalawan sistim imun lemah, ayana sél imun boh dina tumor aslina tur sumebarna ka bagian séjén awak, sarta kanyataan yén sistim imun bisa mikawanoh protéin tangtu kapanggih dina sél melanoma. Anu penting, pangobatan anu naekeun sistem imun parantos nunjukkeun jangji dina merangan melanoma. Nalika panggunaan terapi ningkatkeun kekebalan dina ngubaran melanoma maju mangrupikeun pamekaran anu kawilang anyar, panilitian panganyarna nunjukkeun yén ngagabungkeun terapi ieu sareng kémoterapi, radioterapi, atanapi perlakuan molekular anu dituju sacara signifikan tiasa ningkatkeun hasil. Nanging, imunoterapi sapertos kitu tiasa memicu sajumlah efek samping anu aya hubunganana sareng imun mangaruhan sababaraha organ, anu tiasa ngabatesan panggunaanana. Ningali payun, pendekatan kahareup pikeun ngubaran melanoma canggih tiasa ngalibetkeun terapi nargétkeun pos-pos imun khusus sapertos PD1, atanapi ubar anu ngaganggu jalur molekular khusus sapertos BRAF sareng MEK.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Anu ngabalukarkeun utama melanoma nyaéta paparan sinar ultraviolét dina jalma anu tingkat pigmén kulitna rendah Melanin (populasi bodas). Sinar UV bisa jadi ti panonpoé atawa alat tanning. Jalma kalawan loba nevus, sajarah melanoma sahiji anggota kulawarga, sarta fungsi imun goréng aya dina resiko gede di melanoma.
Ngagunakeun sunscreen jeung Ngahindarkeun sinar UV bisa nyegah melanoma. Pangobatan biasana dipiceun ku bedah. Dina jalma kalawan kangker rada gedé, titik limfa caket dieu bisa diuji pikeun sumebarna (metastasis). Kalolobaan jalma cageur lamun metastasis teu lumangsung. Pikeun jalma anu melanoma parantos sumebar, imunoterapi, terapi biologis, terapi radiasi, atanapi kémoterapi tiasa ningkatkeun kasalametan. Kalayan perawatan, tingkat kasalametan lima taun di Amérika Serikat nyaéta 99% di antara anu ngagaduhan panyakit lokal, 65% nalika panyakit parantos sumebar ka titik limfa, sareng 25% di antara anu sumebar jauh.
Melanoma mangrupikeun jinis kanker kulit anu paling bahaya. Australia sareng Selandia Anyar ngagaduhan tingkat melanoma pangluhurna di dunya. Laju luhur melanoma ogé lumangsung di Éropa Kalér jeung Amérika Kalér. Melanoma lumangsung leuwih saeutik di Asia, Afrika, jeung Amérika Latin. Di Amérika Serikat, melanoma lumangsung ngeunaan 1,6 kali leuwih sering di lalaki ti awéwé.
○ Tanda jeung gejala
Tanda awal melanoma nyaéta parobahan bentuk atanapi warna nevus anu aya. Dina kasus melanoma nodular, éta mangrupikeun penampilan benjolan anyar dina kulit. Dina tahap saterusna melanoma, nevi bisa ateul, borok, atawa getihan.
[A-Asymmetry] Asimétri bentuk
[B-Borders] Border (teu teratur kalayan ujung sareng juru)
[C-Color] Warna (variegated sareng henteu teratur)
[D-Diameter] Diaméterna (leuwih ti 6 mm = 0,24 inci = kira-kira ukuran tina pamupus pensil)
[E-Evolving] Evolve kana waktu
cf) Keratosis seborrheic bisa minuhan sababaraha atawa sakabéh kriteria ABCD, sarta bisa ngakibatkeun alarm palsu.
Metastasis of melanoma mimiti mungkin, tapi relatif jarang; kirang ti saperlima melanomas didiagnosis mimiti jadi métastatik. Metastase otak umumna di pasién kalayan mélanoma métastatik. Melanoma métastatik ogé bisa sumebar ka ati, tulang, beuteung, atawa titik limfa jauh.
○ Diagnosis
Ningali daérah anu dimaksud nyaéta cara anu paling umum pikeun nyangka melanoma. Nevus anu henteu teratur dina warna atanapi bentuk biasana diperlakukeun salaku calon melanoma.
Dokter biasana mariksa sadaya mol, kalebet anu diaméterna kirang ti 6 mm. Lamun dipaké ku spesialis dilatih, dermoscopy leuwih mantuan pikeun ngaidentipikasi lesions ganas ti ngagunakeun mata taranjang nyalira. Diagnosis nyaéta ku biopsi tina sagala lesi kulit anu ngagaduhan tanda-tanda berpotensi kanker.
○ Perlakuan
#Mohs surgery
Dokter anjeun tiasa nyarankeun immunotherapy khususna upami anjeun ngagaduhan tahap 3 atanapi tahap 4 melanoma anu henteu tiasa dileungitkeun ku bedah.
#Ipilimumab [Yervoy]
#Pembrolizumab [Keytruda]
#Nivolumab [Opdivo]